What is the term for a person who files a formal complaint about misconduct by an employee?

The term "Formal Complainant" accurately describes a person who files a formal complaint regarding misconduct by an employee. A formal complainant is someone who officially registers their grievances, providing necessary details and following established procedures to ensure that their concerns are addressed appropriately. This terminology is commonly used in legal and organizational contexts, emphasizing the importance of structure and documentation in handling accusations of misconduct.

Other choices may not encompass the specific notion of filing a formal complaint. For instance, "Complaint" is a general term that refers to the act of expressing dissatisfaction but does not specifically denote the individual making the complaint. "Anonymous Complaint" suggests that the individual's identity is not revealed, which can complicate the resolution process and reduce accountability. Lastly, "Complaining Party" is a broader term that could refer to anyone expressing dissatisfaction, without necessarily denoting the formal process involved in lodging a complaint. Therefore, the specificity of "Formal Complainant" aligns with the context of formal complaint procedures, making it the correct answer.